200’s Egypt, a Pagan Revival births a hybrid of Plato, Hermeticism & Monotheism which we know as Neo-Platonism

Neoplatonism and hermeticism had a huge influence in the Renaissance. The idea of the universe emanating from the deity suffuses the Esoteric Christian tradition (Boehme, Swedenborg, Emerson, Spinoza). Emanationism supports a vitalist  concept of Nature, as well as a Mystical goal of experiencing God infused in the everyday world.

Much has been written about the similarity of Neo-platonism and Indian Philosophies such as Vedanta. The Neo-Platonist Diety is very similar to the abstract Bramha. In the 240’s the Neo-Platonist Plotinus even set out from Egypt to explore Persia and India. He may have been influenced by the many indian and persian scholars studying at the Library of Alexandria. 

Neo-Platonism was supressed by the catholic church, but it had a huge revival in the 1500’s and has remained a strong undercurrent in Esoteric Public Sphere. Interestingly Neo-Platonism had a huge influence in Islamic Culture and directly influenced Sufi-ism. Neo-Platonism was a major current in Islamic Spain since the 1000’s. The Reconquista of 1492 serves as a reminder of the Moorish and Jewish intellectual diaspora from spain into Europe in the 1400’s and 1500’s.

Neoplatonism via en.wikipedia.org

… In late Neoplatonism, the spiritual Universe is regarded as a series of emanations from the One. From the One emanated the Divine Mind (Nous) and in turn from the Divine Mind emanated the World Soul (Psyche). Neoplatonists insisted that the One is absolutely transcendent and in the emanations nothing of the higher was lost or transmitted to the lower, which remained unchanged by the lower emanations.

Although the Neoplatonists were polytheists, they also embraced a form of monism.

For Plotinus, … the emanations are as follows:

Plotinus urged contemplations for those who wished to perform theurgy, the goal of which was to reunite with The Divine (called henosis). Therefore, his school resembles a school of meditation or contemplation. Iamblichus of Calcis (Syria),… taught a more ritualized method of theurgy that involved invocation and religious, as well as magical, ritual [6].  

… The theurgist works ‘like with like’: at the material level, with physical symbols and ‘magic’; at the higher level, with mental and purely spiritual practices. Starting with correspondences of the divine in matter, the theurgist eventually reaches the level where the soul’s inner divinity unites with The Divine.[7]